ANXIETY
1. “Fear” refers to the specific set of emotions or brain states that are elicited in an organism when it confronts danger.
2. “Anxiety” refers to brain states elicited by signals that predict impending but not immediately present danger.
3. Thus, unlike “fear,” “anxiety” involves a more sustained change in the brain,
Types
                             
1. GENERALIZED DISORDER
2. PHOBIAS  
3. PANIC DISORDERANXIETY
Phobic Anxiety
1. The term “phobia” refers to an excessive fear of a specific object, circumstance, or situation.
2. In this group of disorders, anxiety is evoked only, or predominantly, by certain well-defined situations or objects (external to the individual) which are not currently dangerous.
3. The anxiety is not relieved by the knowledge that other people do not regard the situation in question as dangerous or threatening.
Types of Phobias
1. Agoraphobia
2. Social Phobia
3. Specific Phobia
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
? The essential feature is anxiety, which is generalized and persistent but not restricted to, or even strongly predominating in, any particular environmental circumstances (i.e. it is "free-floating").
Symptoms:      
The sufferer must have primary symptoms of anxiety most days for at least several weeks at a time, and usually for several months. These symptoms should usually involve elements of:
(a)apprehension (worries about future misfortunes, feeling "on edge", difficulty in concentrating, etc.);
(b)motor tension (restless fidgeting, tension headaches, trembling, inability to relax); and
(c)autonomic overactivity (lightheadedness, sweating, tachycardia or tachypnoea, epigastric discomfort, dizziness, dry mouth, etc.).
PANIC DISORDER
? Extreme fear

Obsessive-compulsive disorder
1. Obsessional thoughts are ideas, images or impulses that enter the individual's mind again and again in a stereotyped form.
2. They are almost invariably distressing (because they are violent or obscene, or simply because they are perceived as senseless) and the sufferer often tries, unsuccessfully, to resist them.
3. They are, however, recognized as the individual's own thoughts
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
1. Compulsive acts or rituals are stereotyped behaviours that are repeated again and again.
2. It helps the person to relieve anxiety.
BENZODIAZEPAMS(BZD)
? Long Acting:
1. Diazepam
2. Chlordiazepoxide
3. Clonazepam (30 to 40 hrs)
4. Short Acting :
5. Alprazolam
6. Lorazepam (10 to 20 hrs)
7. MOA: Acts on GABA A recetors
8. Notable Side Effects
9. ? Sedation, fatigue, depression
10. ? Dizziness, ataxia, slurred speech, weakness
11. ? Forgetfulness, confusion
12. ? Hyper-excitability, nervousness
13. Life Threatening or Dangerous Side Effects
14. • Respiratory depression, especially when
15. taken with CNS depressants in overdose
? Dosing:
1. Lorazepam 2 mg bd
2. Clonazepam 0.25mg bd
3. Diazepam 5mg bd