Poliomyelitis

The polio virus belong in the germ enterovirus in the family picorairidae and comprise there related serotypes.

Type

I, II, III All of which can cause paralysis

Epidemiology: the dz is seasonal , occurring. More commonly in summer and early autumn in temperature climate , some areas experience increase in incidence during rainy session.

Pathogenesis

The mouth is the usual portal of entry the virus is usually present in the pharyranx and stool before the onset of paralytic illness. It invade local lymphoid tissue enters the bld stream to invade certain nerve cells and my damage or destroy these cells.

c/f

1.       Sore throat

2.       Vomiting

3.       Abdominal pain

4.       Low grade fever

5.       Headache

6.       Leg stiffness and paralysis of the trunks, abdominal and thoracic muscles

7.       Difficult in swelling , eating and speaking

8.       Rarely loss of the consciousness and seizure may occurs

9.       Residual flaccid paralysis in usually present after 60 dys

Diagnosis

Based of history and characteristic clinical manifestation of asymptomatic flaccid paralysis stool examination is recommended is every case of acute flaccid paralysis.

I/V

Stool  : c/s

Rx

1.       Isolation

2.       Analgesic

3.       Antipyretic

4.       Refer to higher center may need plasma exchange

Prevention -vaccine