Wednesday, January 14, 2015

Common cold (coryza)
  1. Commonest viral infection
  2. Causative agents
    1. Rhinovirus
    2. Corona virus
    3. Influenza / parainfluenza
    4. Respiratory syncytial
    5. Adenovirus
    6. Others
  3. Predisposing factors
    1. Climate
    2. Environment, temperature and humidity
    3. Immune status
    4. Fitness
    5. Nutrition and Vitamin deficiency
  4. Mode of transmission
    1. Droplet and dust
    2. Droplet nuclei
    3. contact
  5. C/F
    1.  burning sensation at back of nose
    2. Nasal stuffiness, rhinorrhoea and sneezing
    3. Low grade fever , myalgia
    4. Self-limiting and resolves in 2-3 weeks.
  6. T/t
    1. Complete rest
    2. Hot bath: Inhalation of menthol or tincture of benzoid
    3. Analgesics and antipyretics
                                                               i.      Aspirin 300mg to600mg sos (pc)
                                                             ii.      PCM 500mg sos
    1. Antihistaminics
                                                               i.      Cetrizone 10mg to 20 mg BD
1.       Child 2-6yrs 2.5mg BD or 5mg OD
2.       >6yrs 10mg OD
                                                             ii.      Chlorpherarmine 4mg tds
1.       1-2 yrs  1mg BD
2.       2-5yrs  1mg tds (max=6mg/day)
3.       6-12yrs 2mg tds (max=12mg/day)
                                                            iii.      Fexofenadine  60mg BID
1.       >2yrs 0.23mg/kg/day (4-6)hrs
2.       2-6yrs 1mg
3.       6-12yrs 2mg
4.       >12yrs 4mg of 4-6 hrs
    1. Nasal decongestant
                                                               i.      Ephederine  nasal drop 2-3 drps
                                                             ii.      Xylomethanzolin nasal drop 2-3drps
    1. Antibiotics in complications
                                                               i.      Amoxicillin 250-500mg tds 5-7 days
                                                             ii.      Tetracycline 250-500mg qid 5-7 days
  1. Complications
    1.  Pharyngitis
    2. Sinusitis
    3. Otitis media
    4. Lymphadenitis
    5. Tonsillitis
    6. Lower respiratory complications
  2. Bacteriology
    1. Streptococcus
    2. Pneumocccus
    3. Haemophilus influenzae
    4. Staphylococcus




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